CONTENTS
TRANSLATOR'S NEW FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION by NISHIKAWA SHUNSAKU
A NOTE ON THE TEXT

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Section ONE

Section TWO
　Foreword
　The Equality of Men

Section THREE
　The Equality of Nations
　National Independence Through Personal Independence

Section FOUR
　The Duty of Scholars

Section FIVE
　Speech Delivered 1 January 1874

Section SIX
　The Importance of National Laws

Section SEVEN
　The Duties of the Citizens of the Nation

Section EIGHT
　Respect for the Independence of Others

Section NINE
　A Letter to Old Friends in Nakatsu Stating Two Ways of Learning

Section TEN
　Letter to Old Friends in Nakatsu, Continued

Section ELEVEN
　The Falsity of the Idea of Moral Subordination

Section TWELVE
　An Encouragement of Public Speaking
　The Refinement of Conduct

Section THIRTEEN
　The Damage of Envy in Society

Section FOURTEEN
　A Criticism of People’s Thoughts
　The Meaning of the Word Sewa

Section FIFTEEN
　Methodic Doubt and Selective Judgment

Section SIXTEEN
　The Spirit of Independence in Everyday Affairs
　The Compatibility of Intention and Activity

Section SEVENTEEN
　On Popularity

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Appendix
　A Defense of Gakumon no Susume
　Chronology of Japanese history, with special reference to Fukuzawa Yukichi
　and An Encouragement of Learning
　Fukuzawa Yukichi: Some Representative Writings and Further Reading

Index