LIST OF ACROYMS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES

Chapter 1　Introduction
Democratic Consolidation and Party System Stability
The Arguments
Other Contributions
Organization of the Book

Chapter 2　DeStabilization of Party System after Regime Change
Introduction
2.1 The Development of Philippine Political Institutions
2.2 Destabilization of the Party System after Re-democratization
2.3 Existing Theories of Party-System (In)Stability
　　Theories in the Comparative Politics Literature
　　The Faction-Based Theory in Philippine Studies
Chapter Summary

Chapter 3　The Presidential Bandwagon Framework
Introduction
3.1 Predicting Patterns of Party-Affiliation Behavior
3.2 Explaining Instability in the Legislative Party System
3.3 Explaining Instability in Presidential Elections
3.4 Caveats
Chapter Summary

Chapter 4　Patronage in Philippine Elections
Introduction
4.1 Overview of Strategies
4.2 Policy
4.3 Personality
4.4 Patronage
　　Pork-Barreling
　　Casework
　　Vote-Buying
　　The Relationship between Pork, Casework, and Vote-Buying
4.5 Why is Patronage so Important?
Chapter Summary

Chapter 5　The President's Control of Legislators’ Patronage
Introduction
5.1 Sources of Pork for Legislators
　　Importance of the National Budget
　　Sources of Pork from the National Government Budget
5.2 The President’s Power of Release
5.3 Presidents’ Actual Use of the Power of Release
5.4 Why Does the President Maintain his Power of Release?
　　Initial Condition
　　Actors and their Preferences
　　Institutional Setting and its Expected Effects
　　Congressional Attempts to Take Away the Presidential Power of Release
Chapter Summary

Chapter 6　Permeability of Party Nomination
Introduction
6.1. Nomination for the House of Representatives
　　Official Rule: Local Convention
　　Actual Nomination Practices
6.2. Nomination for Senatorial Seats
　　Official Rule: National Convention
　　Actual Nomination Practices
6.3. Why is Party Nomination Kept Permeable?
　　National Party Leaders’ Incentives
　　Organizational Structure of Philippine Parties
Chapter Summary

Chapter 7　Party Affiliation Behavior
Introduction
7.1 Party-Switching in the Philippines
7.2 Direction of Party-Switching
7.3 Calculus of Party Affiliation
　　Hypotheses
　　Regression Model
　　Results and Analysis
Chapter Summary

Chapter 8　Explaining Legislative Party-System Formation
Introduction
8.1 Testing the Faction-based Theory
　　Did the Number of Factions Increase?
　　Modernization and Factional Politics
8.2 Correlation Analysis of the Presidential Bandwagon Framework
8.3 The Mechanism of Party-System Formation in the House of Representatives
8.4 The Mechanism of Senate Party-System Formation
Chapter Summary

Chapter 9　The Dynamics of Presidential Elections
Introduction
9.1 Presidential Elections Before and After the Authoritarian Interlude
9.2 Increased Number of Presidential Candidates
9.3 Party-Label Instability in Post-Marcos Presidential Elections
　　The Effect of Incumbent Entry from a Comparative Perspective
　　The Philippine Case Illustrated
Chapter Summary

Chapter 10　Presidential Term Limit and Party System Instability in New Democracies
Introduction
10. 1. Presidential Term Limit as a Neglected Aspect
10.2 Theory
　　Incumbent Entry and the Number of Presidential Candidates
　　Number of Presidential Candidates and Party System Stability
　　The Presidential- and Legislative-Level Party System Instability
10.3 Regression Models and Data Preparation
　　Testing Hypothesis 10.1
　　Testing Hypothesis 10.2
　　Testing Hypothesis 10.3
10.4 Results and Discussion
　　Incumbent Entry on Number of Presidential Candidates
　　Fragmentation of Presidential Elections on Presidential Party System Volatility
　　Presidential and Legislative Party System Volatility
Chapter Summary

Chapter 11　Conclusion
11.1 Comparative Implications of the Philippine Case
　　Presidential Term Limits and Party System Stability in New Democracies
　　Presidentialism and the Number of Legislative Parties
11.2 The Future of Philippine Party Politics
　　Will the Philippine Party System Stabilize?
　　Will Parties Continue to be Weak?
Final Remarks

APPENDICES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF INTERVIEWS

INDEX